Proximal tibia

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	Safe zones Make sure to avoid the neurovascular structures around the knee (common peroneal nerve, deep peroneal nerve, and popliteal artery).

	Anterolateral approach Make a straight incision lateral to the patella. Then, open the deep fascia anterior to the ilio-tibial tract.

	Arthroscopic approach The arthroscopic approach is only recommended in minimally, or nondisplaced, fractures in young patients. Advanced experience in arthroscopic surgery is essential.

	MIO approach Identify Gerdy’s tubercle. Make a straight incision about 5cm in length starting posteriorly to Gerdy’s tubercle and running distally and anteriorly.

	Posteromedial approach With the knee in slight flexion make a straight or slightly curved incision running from the medial epicondyle towards the posteromedial edge of the tibia.

	Posterior approach The posteromedial side can be approached without exposing and dissecting the neurovascular structures.