Malleoli - Diagnosis - AO Surgery Reference

Overview Diagnosis Decision Preparation Approach Reduction & Fixation Aftercare

Executive Editor: Steve Krikler

Authors: Paulo Barbosa, Felix Bonnaire, Kodi Kojima

Additional credits

Malleoli

Infrasyndesmotic

Lateral isolated ligament rupture/avulsion fracture

Lateral isolated fracture

Medial fracture with LCL rupture

Medial fracture with lateral fracture/avulsion

Posteromedial fracture with LCL rupture

Posteromedial fracture with lateral fracture/avulsion

Transsyndesmotic

Lateral isolated simple fracture

Lateral isolated multifragmentary fracture

Lateral simple fracture with deltoid rupture

Lateral simple fracture with medial fracture

Lateral multifragmentary fracture with medial injury

Posterior, lateral simple fractures, and deltoid rupture

Posterior, lateral simple, and medial fractures

Posterior, lateral multifragmentary, and medial fractures

Suprasyndesmotic

Simple fibular fracture, medial injury diaphyseal +/- posterior fracture

Multifragmentary fibular fracture, medial injury diaphyseal +/- posterior fracture

Proximal fibular fracture, medial injury diaphyseal +/- posterior fracture

Special considerations

Appendix

Shortcuts

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AO/OTA classification (PDF)

Authors' added material

References

AO Principles

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v1.0 2015-12-04