Metastatic tumors

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	Posterior access to C0-C5 This approach is used for posterior access to the occipitocervical spine.

	Anterior access to C3-C7 This approach is used for an anterior access to the cervical spine.

	Posterior access to C3-C7 This approach is used for posterior access to the cervical spine.

	Posterior access to C7-T2 This approach is used for access to the posterior C7-T1 through T1–T2 levels.

	Posterior access to T1-L5 The posterior midline approach (T1-L5) is indicated for posterior decompression and stabilization.

	Percutaneous pedicle screws The percutaneous pedicle screw approach is indicated for posterior stabilization.

	MIS lumbotomy in L2-L4 A left sided lumbotomy can be used to perform a decompression of levels L2-L4.

	Right sided thoracotomy (T3-T10) A right sided thoracotomy can be used to perform a decompression of levels T3-T10.

	Left sided thoracotomy T3-L1/2 A left sided thoracotomy can be used to perform a decompression of levels T3-L1/2.

	Thoracolumbar junction T10-L2 This approach might be replaced by left sided thoracotomy or the lumbotomy, depending on the level of the vertebra.